15 research outputs found
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Hot-Gas Filter Ash Characterization Project
Large-scale hot-gas testing over the past several years has revealed numerous cases of cake buildup on filter elements that have been difficult, if not impossible to remove. At times, the cake can bridge between candle filters, leading to high filter failure rates. Physical factors, including particle-size distribution, particle shape, the aerodynamics of deposition, and system temperature contribute to difficulty in removing the cake. It is speculated that chemical as well as physical effects are playing a role in leading the ash to bond to the filter or to itself. The Energy and Environmental research Center (EERC) at the University of North Dakota is working with Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and a consortium of companies in partnership with the US Department of Energy (DOE) to perform the research necessary to determine the factors that cause hot-gas cleanup filters to be blinded by ash or to develop deposits that can bridge the filters and cause them to fail. The objectives of this overall project are threefold: first, to determine the mechanisms by which difficult-to-clean ash is formed; second, to develop a method to determine the rate of blinding/bridging based on fuel and sorbent properties and operating conditions; finally, to provide suggestions fro ways to prevent filter blinding by the troublesome ash. The projects consists of four tasks: field sampling and archive sample analyses, laboratory-scale testing, bench-scale testing, and model and database development testing. This paper present preliminary data from Task 2 on determining the tensile strengths of coal ash particles at elevated temperatures and simulated combustor gas conditions
Effect of internal mixture on black carbon radiative forcing
Copyright 2012 C. E. Chung et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly citedThe effects of coating on black carbon (BC) optical properties and global climate forcing are revisited with more realistic approaches. We use the Generalized Multiparticle Mie method along with a realistic size range of monomers and clusters to compute the optical properties of uncoated BC clusters. Mie scattering is used to compute the optical properties of BC coated by scattering material. When integrated over the size distribution, we find the coating to increase BC absorption by up to a factor of 1.9 (1.8-2.1). We also find the coating can significantly increase or decrease BC backscattering depending on shell size and how shell material would be distributed if BC is uncoated. The effect of coating on BC forcing is computed by the Monte-Carlo Aerosol Cloud Radiation model with observed clouds and realistic BC spatial distributions. If we assume all the BC particles to be coated, the coating increases global BC forcing by a factor of 1.4 from the 1.9 x absorption increase alone. Conversely, the coating can decrease the forcing by up to 60% or increase it by up to 40% by only the BC backscattering changes. Thus, the combined effects generally, but not necessarily, amplify BC forcing.Peer reviewe